Association Of Low Birth Weight Research Articles

Association of Low Birth Weight with the Risk of Childhood Stunting in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Stunting is an important predictor of growth and development of children under 5 years of age, and it remains the significant problem in LMIC. However, LBW emerges as risk factor, but its association with LMIC needs attention. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association of low birth weight with the risk of childhood stunting among the age group of 0–5 years in LMICs. Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched from January 1, 2010 untill December 20, 2021. Cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control study designs were included in the meta-analyses. The pooled odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was reported considering the random-effects and the quality-effects models. The subgroup analysis and meta-regression were conducted for study design, geographical location, and sample size. Results: Low birth weight was associated with >2-fold increased risk of childhood stunting (pooled OR: 2.32; 95% CI, 2.05–2.62). Asian studies have shown relatively higher risk than African studies in stratified analyses. The cohort studies predicted a higher risk of childhood stunting, followed by case-control and cross-sectional study designs, and the sample size stratification showed that studies with sample size <1,000 predicted much higher risk than relatively to the studies with sample size >1,000. The meta-regression was performed in all three subgroups, but none of the models appeared significant. Conclusion: This meta-analysis confirmed the association of low birth weight with the higher risk of childhood stunting among the 0–5 years’ age group and suggests a moderately higher risk in Asia as compared to Africa.

The association of low birthweight and prematurity on outcomes in children and adults with nephrotic syndrome-a NEPTUNE cohort study.

In single-center studies, both preterm birth and low birth weight (LBW) are associated with worse outcomes in childhood nephrotic syndrome. Using the Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE) observational cohort, we tested the hypothesis that in patients with nephrotic syndrome, hypertension, proteinuria status, and disease progression would be more prevalent and more severe in subjects with LBW and prematurity singly or in combination (LBW/prematurity). Three hundred fifty-nine adults and children with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) or minimal change disease (MCD) and available birth history were included. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline and remission status were primary outcomes, and secondary outcomes were kidney histopathology, kidney gene expression, and urinary biomarkers. Logistic regression was used to identify associations with LBW/prematurity and these outcomes. We did not find an association between LBW/prematurity and remission of proteinuria. However, LBW/prematurity was associated with greater decline in eGFR. This decline in eGFR was partially explained by the association of LBW/prematurity with APOL1 high-risk alleles, but the association remained after adjustment. There were no differences in kidney histopathology or gene expression in the LBW/prematurity group compared to normal birth weight/term birth. LBW and premature babies who develop nephrotic syndrome have a more rapid decline in kidney function. We did not identify clinical or laboratory features that distinguished the groups. Additional studies in larger groups are needed to fully ascertain the effects of (LBW) and prematurity alone or in combination on kidney function in the setting of nephrotic syndrome.

MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOME OF DENGUE FEVER IN PREGNANCY: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Dengue is a mosquito-transmitted viral infection, which is a threat to health services. Concern regarding pregnant women becoming infected with dengue is on rise. They seem to be more likely present with severe forms of infection. During the epidemic in our region we found out that only few studies has mentioned the association of dengue with oligohydramnios. Also association of low birth weight is due to shorter period of gestation and not due to growth restriction. With this background, we conducted the study using two groups, group I with dengue fever and group II uncomplicated. Dengue infection resulted in premature birth, low birth weight, fetal distress, neonatal ICU admissions. Severe thrombocytopenia was one of the striking features, which had led to multiple platelet transfusions. ICU admissions and coagulation abnormalities were very high in dengue complicated group. Oligohydramnios seen during dengue fever was transient and had no impact on pregnancy on follow up. Fetal distress was the major indication for emergency C-Section. Patients, who reported late, had more complications and prolonged hospital stay. This increased the burden on our health services. So our recommendations are early diagnosis, hydration and symptomatic treatment. Our study results will be used to create awareness among the antenatal patients, during antenatal classes and stressing on the morbidity of the disease, because always prevention is better than cure

Association of low birthweight and small for gestational age with maternal ferritin levels: A retrospective cohort study in China.

BackgroundBirthweight have profound impacts on health status throughout lifetime, however, the relationship between maternal ferritin level in pregnancy and birthweight of the newborn remains controversial.ObjectiveThis retrospective cohort research was to analyze the association between maternal ferritin levels during pregnancy with birthweight outcomes, primarily for low birthweight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA).MethodsNewborns weighing lower than 2,500 grams were defined as LBW. SGA is defined as birthweight lower than the 10th percentile of the distribution of newborns' birthweight of the same gestational age. Multivariable logistic regressions have been used to explore the association of maternal ferritin levels and birthweight related outcomes, in which the ferritin concentration was logarithm transformed in the model. We further used restricted cubic spline models to explore linear/non-linear dose–response manners of ferritin level and birthweight outcomes.ResultsA total of 3,566 pregnant women were included in the study. In the results of the present study, we observed that maternal ferritin levels were linearly associated with the risk of LBW (p-trend = 0.005) and SGA (p-trend = 0.04), with the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 1.78 (95% CI 1.37–2.32) for LBW and 1.87 (95% CI 1.38–2.54) for SGA with an increase in Ln-ferritin concentrations per unit. The adjusted ORs across quartiles of ferritin levels were 2.14 (95% CI 1.03–4.47) for Quartile 2, 3.13 (95% CI 1.47–6.69) for Quartile 3, and 3.63 (95% CI 1.52–8.68) for Quartile 4 for LBW. The adjusted ORs of LBW and SGA among women using supplemental iron were 0.56 (95% CI 0.38, 0.85) and 0.65 (95% CI 0.40, 1.05) compared with non-users, respectively.ConclusionsOur findings found a linear dose–response relationship between ferritin levels and an increased risk of poor birthweight outcomes, suggesting that maternal ferritin level during pregnancy may provide an additional predictor for differentiating poor birthweight related outcomes. Further exploration should be conducted to ensure maternal ferritin thresholds and iron supplement doses.

Association of birthweight with lung function and respiratory diseases: results from the GEIRD study

Abstract Background Early life conditions are associated with lung function and the development of respiratory and non-respiratory illnesses. The relationship with birthweight (BW) is however conflicting. We examined associations of BW with lung function and respiratory diseases within the GEIRD (Gene-Environment Interaction in Respiratory Diseases) study. Methods GEIRD is an Italian multi-centre, multi-case control study of people aged 20-84 from the general population conducted from 2008 to 2014. The study included cases of COPD, asthma, allergic rhinitis and controls. Multinomial logistic regression was performed with case/control status (control/COPD/asthma/allergic rhinitis) as response variable, and BW as main determinant adjusting for sex, age and smoking status. Results Of 2,287 reporting BW, 6.4 % (n = 147) had low BW (&amp;lt;2500 gr), and this proportion was greater in women than men (7.8% vs. 5.1%; p = 0.006). Lung volumes were significantly lower in individuals with low than normal BW. Median FEV1 was 3.01 L (p25-p75=2.60-3.45 L) versus 3.16 L (2.65-3.86 L) (p = 0.019) and median FVC was 3.68 L (3.19-4.34 L) versus 3.91 (3.34-4.81 L) (p = 0.003). However, FEV1 and FVC were not affected by BW when expressed as percent predicted. Of note, both men and women with low BW were shorter than those with normal BW (mean±SD: 160.2±5.5 vs. 162.6±6.5 cm in women, p = 0.009; 172.4±6.1 vs. 174.8±7.2 cm in men, p &amp;lt; 0.001). FEV1/FVC expressed as absolute ratio or as percent predicted, was not affected by BW. In multinomial analysis, BW was not associated with respiratory diseases in adulthood. However, those with low BW had a higher risk of self-reported hospitalisation for lung disease before age 2 (10.3% vs. 4.1%) and severe respiratory infection before age 5 (16.9% vs. 8.8%) (p = 0.003). Conclusions BW was not associated with lung function in adulthood, when controlling for sex and height. Low BW was a risk factor for respiratory diseases in childhood, not in adulthood. Key messages • Low birthweight was associated with respiratory diseases in childhood but not in adulthood. • Although spirometrically-assessed lung volumes were lower in adults with low birthweight, this is likely explained by associations of low birthweight with sex and height.

Intergenerational transmission of birth weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The objectives of this study were (1) to systematically review the literature on the association between birth weight in children born in the first and second generation and (2) to quantify this association by performing a meta-analysis. A systematic review was carried out in six databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL and LILACS), in January 2021, for studies that recorded the birth weight of parents and children. A meta-analysis using random effects to obtain a pooled effect of the difference in birth weight and the association of low birth weight (LBW) between generations was performed. Furthermore, univariable meta-regression was conducted to assess heterogeneity. Egger's tests were used to possible publication biases. Of the 9878 identified studies, seventy were read in full and twenty were included in the meta-analysis (ten prospective cohorts and ten retrospective cohorts), fourteen studies for difference in means and eleven studies for the association of LBW between generations (twenty-three estimates). Across all studies, there was no statistically significant mean difference (MD) birth weight between first and second generation (MD 19·26, 95 % CI 28·85, 67·36; P = 0·43). Overall, children of LBW parents were 69 % more likely to have LBW (pooled effect size 1·69, 95 % CI (1·46, 1·95); I2:85·8 %). No source of heterogeneity was identified among the studies and no publication bias. The average birth weight of parents does not influence the average birth weight of children; however, the proportion of LBW among the parents seems to affect the offspring's birth weight.

Pre and Postnatal Education: Ensuring Healthy Infant Feeding Practices and Preventing Malnutrition

Malnutrition – which includes undernutrition and overnutrition – remains under-recognized and under-treated globally in children under five years old: 149 million of these children are stunted, 45 million are wasted, and 38.9 are overweight or obese.1,2 Undernutrition is linked to a mortality rate of 45% in these children.3 Undernourished children experience short-term and long-term consequences: delayed physical development, lowered intellectual quotient development, multiple behavioral problems, deficient social skills, and higher susceptibility to diseases.4,5 The reverse is also concerning; infants who gain weight rapidly during early infancy are at risk for childhood obesity and adult metabolic disease.6&#x0D; A child’s weight – from birth up to the age of 5 – is largely influenced by their birth weight:6 Infants with low birth weight (15–20% of newborns worldwide7 ) are at higher risk of being malnourished later on.8 Birth weight is also influenced by maternal characteristics: education, nutrition, breastfeeding duration, use of prenatal services,9 postnatal depression, and maternal eating habits.6&#x0D; We must help mothers realize the impact of their own health and nutrition on their infants;10 the impact of breastfeeding on weight gain;11 and the link between this weight gain and overall infant health. Many mothers introduce milk formula, fluids, and solid foods before six months 12 despite the WHO recommendations (exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, and continuation for up to 2 years 13). Maternal self-efficacy in breastfeeding and infant care play a role in the continuation of breastfeeding up to the prescribed period.14&#x0D; The prenatal period provides the best opportunity to talk to mothers, assess their needs for informational support, and equip them with the knowledge necessary for promoting breastfeeding and correct infant care. Prenatal education was found to have a significant effect on the nutritional status of infants four months after birth.15&#x0D; Postnatal check-ups allow assessment of mothers and infants; these tend to focus on well-baby check-ups and vaccinations. Health workers may miss other problems – specifically those related to breastfeeding – when mothers lack knowledge or the opportunity to bring them up. Health workers must provide enough time and an appropriate venue to explore deficits in the quality of infant care.&#x0D; We emphasize continuous informational and social support throughout the perinatal period to promote healthy feeding and infant care; these prevent malnutrition and complications in later development.&#x0D;  &#x0D; Floreliz V. Ngaya-an, PhD, RN Graduate Program Coordinator and Faculty College of Nursing, University of the Philippines Manila&#x0D;  &#x0D; REFERENCES &#x0D; &#x0D; Action Against Hunger. World hunger: key facts and statistics [Internet]. 2022.[cited 2022 May]. Available from https://www.actionagainsthunger.org/world-hunger-facts-statistics&#x0D; Saunders J, Smith T. Malnutrition: causes and consequences. Clinical medicine. 2010; 10(6):624-7. doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.10-6-624&#x0D; World Health Organization. Malnutrition. Available from https://www.who.int/health-topics/malnutrition#tab=tab_1.&#x0D; De Sanctis V, Soliman A, Alaaraj N, Ahmed S, Alyafei F, Hamed N. Early and long-term consequences of nutritional stunting: from childhood to adulthood. Acta bio-medica: atenei parmensis. 2021; 92(1):e2021168. doi.org/10.23750/abm.v92i1.11346&#x0D; Kandala N, Madungu TP, Emina JB, Nzita KP, Cappuccio FP. Malnutrition among children under the age of five in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): does geographic location matter? BMC Public Health. 2011; 11(1):261-0. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-261&#x0D; Yilgwan CS, Utoo TB, Hyacinth HI. Maternal characteristics influencing birth weight and infant weight gain in the first 6 weeks post-partum: A cross-sectional study of a post-natal clinic population. Nigerian medical journal: journal of the Nigeria Medical Association. 2012; 53(4):200-5. doi.org/10.4103/0300-1652.107553&#x0D; Rahman MS, Howlader T, Masud MS, &amp; Rahman ML. Association of low-birth weight with malnutrition in children under five years in Bangladesh: do mother’s education, socio-economic status, and birth interval matter? PloS One. 2016; 11(6):e0157814. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157814&#x0D; World Health Organization. Global nutrition targets 2025: low birth weight policy brief [Internet]. 2014. [cited 2022 May]. Available from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-NMH-NHD-14.5&#x0D; Yelverton CA, Geraghty AA, O’Brien EC, Killeen SL, Horan, MK, Donnelly JM, et al. Breastfeeding and maternal eating behaviours are associated with child eating behaviours: findings from the ROLO Kids Study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020. doi:10.1038/s41430-020-00764-7&#x0D; Zhang P, Wu J, Xun N. Role of maternal nutrition in the health outcomes of mothers and their children: a retrospective analysis. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. 2019; 25: 4430-7. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.914679&#x0D; Mihrshahi S, Battistutta D, Magarey A, Daniels LA. Determinants of rapid weight gain during infancy: baseline results from the NOURISH randomised controlled trial. BMC Pediatrics. 2011; 11:99. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-11-99&#x0D; Tamiru D, Belachew T, Loha E, Mohammed S. Sub-optimal breastfeeding of infants during the first six months and associated factors in rural communities of Jimma Arjo Woreda, Southwest Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. 2012; 12(1). doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-363&#x0D; World Health Organization. Exclusive breastfeeding for six months best for babies everywhere. 2011. Available from https://www.who.int/news/item/15-01-2011-exclusive-breastfeeding-for-six-months-best-for-babies-everywhere.&#x0D; Gonzales AM. Breastfeeding self-efficacy of early postpartum mothers in an urban municipality in the Philippines. Asian/Pacific Island Nursing Journal. 2020; 4(4):135-43. doi.org/10.31372/20190404.1023&#x0D; Ortiz-Félix RE, Cárdenas-Villarreal VM, Miranda-Félix PE, &amp; Guevara-Valtier MC. Impact of a prenatal education intervention in pregnant women to prevent overweight in infants. Impacto de una intervención de educación prenatal en mujeres embarazadas para prevenir el sobrepeso en lactantes. Gaceta medica de Mexico. 2021; 157(1):3-9. https://doi.org/10.24875/GMM.M21000529&#x0D;

Association of low birth weight with environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure among pregnant women.

Objectives: To determine the association between low birth weight babies and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure during pregnancy and the factors related to it. Study Design: Case Control study Setting: Obstetrical and Gynecological Units of a Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. Period: March 2016 to August 2017. Material &amp; Methods: Babies born to mothers’ aged between 20 to 35 years in all four Obstetrical and Gynecological units of a Sir Ganga Ram hospital, Lahore, were included. 150 low birth weight babies (LBW) born at term, fulfilling the exclusion and inclusion criteria were taken as cases and 150 normal weight babies born on same day were taken as controls. Mothers were interviewed on a semi structured and pretested questionnaire covering all variables using non- probability purposive sampling technique and the data was analyzed on SPSS Version 20.0. The difference of means was tested using independent t-test whereas difference of proportions was analyzed by using Pearson Chi -Square test. Odds Ratio of &gt;2 was taken as significant. P value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. In order to adjust the effect of confounder data was stratified. Results: 110/150(73.3%) cases and 48/150(32%) controls were exposed to ETS with odds of low birth weight being 5.84 times higher among exposed mothers. Odds of having low birth weight was 3.55 times for ETS exposure at home than those not having home exposure. Ninety Six cases (64%) and 70(46.7%) controls had no knowledge about passive smoking. Only one third of all respondents had knowledge about Second Hand Smoke(SHS) while 110 exposed to ETS, only 09 had adequate knowledge about passive smoking with a significant difference in the knowledge among mothers of the cases and controls (p value 0.004, T score -2889). Conclusion: Mothers exposed to ETS had 5.84 odds of having LBW babies than unexposed, endorsing the association between the two particular when at home. Illiteracy, illiterate smoker husband and poor knowledge of mother about SHS and its hazards further escalated the situation. More researches are, therefore, required to evaluate the effects of passive smoking exposure in a low income country like Pakistan and steps should be taken to avoid it especially during pregnancy.

Birth Weight and the Risk of Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Report From the Large Population-Based UK Biobank Cohort Study.

BackgroundBirth weight has been reported to be associated with the risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, the relationship remains inconclusive. Here, we aimed to prospectively assess the associations between birth weight and CVD risk using the data from UK Biobank, a large-scale, prospective cohort study.MethodsWe included 270,297 participants who were free of CVD at baseline and reported their birth weight for analyses. The primary outcome was incident CVD. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for outcomes were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for potential confounding variables.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 8.07 years (IQR: 7.4–8.7 years), 10,719 incident CVD events were recorded. The HRs for low birth weight vs. normal birth weight (2.5–4.0 kg) were 1.23 (95% CI: 1.09–1.38) for risk of incident CVD, 1.52 (95% CI: 1.18–1.95) for stroke, 1.33 (95% CI: 1.07–1.64) for myocardial infarction, and 1.15 (95% CI: 1.01–1.32) for CHD. For the ones with low birth weight, the risk of CVD is reduced by 11% for every kilogram of birth weight gain. The association of low birth weight with CVD was stronger among those younger than 55 years (p = 0.001). No association between high birth weight and risk of cardiovascular outcomes was found.ConclusionLow birth weight was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. These findings highlight the longstanding consequence of low birth weight on cardiovascular system.

Repercussões maternas e neonatais da gravidez na adolescência

OBJECTIVE: To compare the influence of maternal age on birth weight and other related factors. METHODS: the present study consists of a retrospective cohort carried out in two public maternity hospitals in Maceió - Brazil. The sample consisted of 84 puerperal women (28 adolescents and 56 aged between 20 and 30 years) and their respective newborns. RESULTS: Teenage pregnancy was significantly associated with low birth weight, inadequate prenatal consultations number, disproportionate Roher Index, father and mother of the child not living in the same household and prematurity. A difference of 471.5g occurred in newborns from young adult mothers compared to children of teen mothers. The use of alcohol, drugs and contraceptive methods did not obtain statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the unfavorable socioeconomic and perinatal conditions of teen mothers compared to young adults, maternal age less than 16 years seems to have influenced the lower mean birth weight and the association of low birth weight and delayed uterine growth in this group of adolescents.

Postnatal Stature Does Not Largely Mediate the Relation between Adverse Birth Outcomes and Cognitive Development in Mid-Childhood and Early Adolescence in Rural Western China

BackgroundPreterm birth and fetal growth restriction are associated with linear growth faltering and suboptimal cognitive development in childhood. ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate whether and to what extent the associations between adverse birth outcomes and cognitive development in mid-childhood and early adolescence are mediated by postnatal stature. MethodsWe used data from a prospective birth cohort of children born to women who participated in a large cluster-randomized trial of antenatal micronutrient supplementation in rural western China. Children were followed up for anthropometric assessments at 6, 12, and 24 mo of age and in mid-childhood (7–9 y). Cognitive development was assessed in mid-childhood (n = 669) and early adolescence (n = 735; 10–12 y) using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV. We conducted a causal mediation analysis to evaluate the proportion of the association of low birth weight (LBW; <2500 g), small-for-gestational age (SGA; <10th percentile), and preterm birth (<37 weeks of gestation) with cognitive development in mid-childhood and early adolescence that was mediated by postnatal length/height-for-age and -sex z score (LAZ/HAZ) during the first 2 y of life and in mid-childhood. ResultsLBW and SGA, but not preterm birth, were associated with lower cognitive test scores in mid-childhood and early adolescence. The proportion of the total association of SGA with adolescent cognitive development that was mediated by LAZ/HAZ at 6, 12, and 24 mo of age and in mid-childhood was 25%, 32%, 32%, and 27%, respectively. The corresponding proportions for LBW were 25%, 32%, 16%, and 24%, respectively. ConclusionsThe association of LBW and SGA with cognitive development in mid-childhood and adolescence is not largely mediated by postnatal stature during the first 2 y of life. Postnatal interventions that address the antecedent causes of poor child growth and development, rather than early childhood growth alone, are more likely to mitigate the risk of suboptimal development among SGA and LBW children. This trial was registered at www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN08850194.

The association between low birth weight and dental caries among 11-to-13-year-old school age children in Ningbo, China

BackgroundThe association between low birth weight (LBW) and dental caries is currently unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of LBW with dental caries in permanent teeth in children of Ningbo city.MethodsA total of 1975 children aged 11-to-13 years in Ningbo, China were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. LBW was defined as a birthweight< 2500 g. Ten dentists assessed the status of dental caries in permanent teeth in line with the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and guidelines. Decayed, missing or filled teeth were considered to have dental caries. Parental questionnaires were used to collect child information. Non-conditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsDental caries in permanent teeth was found in 610 children (30.9%), with a mean DMFS of 2.09 (SD = 1.2). The adjusted ORs for dental caries in permanent teeth was 1.46 (95% CI 1.00, 2.13) for LBW.ConclusionsLBW was not associated with dental caries in permanent teeth in the study population.

Low birth weight predicts impaired cardiac structure and function in mid-adulthood

Abstract Aims We sought to determine the relationship of low birth weight (LBW) with adult cardiac structure and function and investigate potential causal pathways. Methods We followed 925 Australians (41.3% male) from childhood (7–15 years) to young- (26–36 years) and mid-adulthood (36–50 years). Left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS, %), LV mass index (LVMi, g/m2.7), LV filling pressure (E/e') and left atrial volume index (LAVi, g/m2) were measured by echocardiography in mid-adulthood. Birth weight category was self-reported in adulthood and classified as low (≤5 pounds or ≤2270 g), normal (5–8 pounds or 2271–3630 g) and high (&amp;gt;8 pounds or &amp;gt;3630 g). Results 7.5% (69/925) reported LBW. Compared with participants with normal birth weight, those with LBW had a 2.01-fold (1.19–3.41, p=0.009) higher risk of impaired GLS (GLS &amp;gt;−18%) and 2.63-fold (0.89–7.81, p=0.08) higher risk of LV hypertrophy (LVMi &amp;gt;48 g/m2.7 in men or &amp;gt;44 g/m2.7 in women) in adulthood independent of age, sex and any measures of socioeconomic status. Participants with LBW significantly increased body fat from childhood to adulthood relative to their peers, which was associated with greater levels of triglycerides, fasting blood glucose and arterial stiffness in adulthood. These factors were the strongest mediators in the association of LBW with impaired GLS in adulthood and together, explained half of the LBW effect size. The remaining half of this association was independent of any measured factors. Conclusions LBW was associated with impaired cardiac structure and function in mid-adulthood. This association was only partially explained by known risk factors. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Association of low birthweight and premature birth with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Growing evidence suggests that women born preterm or small have an increased risk of experiencing hypertensive disorders during pregnancy; however, a quantitative summary of the evidence on this issue is unavailable. We aimed to systematically review the literature to describe the association between being born preterm, low birthweight (LBW), or small for gestational age (SGA), and future gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, or eclampsia. We searched the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ICTRP databases. We included all cohort and case-control studies examining the association between LBW, preterm birth, or SGA and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. We pooled the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. We assessed the certainty of evidence for each outcome using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria. Eleven studies were identified, totalling 752 316 participants. Being born preterm, LBW, or SGA was associated with gestational hypertension [pooled odds ratio (OR), 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-1.50; moderate certainty of evidence] and preeclampsia (pooled OR, 1.35; 95% CI 1.23-1.48; moderate certainty of evidence). No study measured eclampsia as an outcome. Women born preterm, LBW, or SGA have an increased risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. The course of the mother's own birth might be used to identify women at risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.

Association of low birth weight with cardiometabolic diseases in Swedish twins: a population-based cohort study

ObjectivesTo examine the association between low birth weight (LBW) and cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs, including heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes mellitus) in adulthood, and to explore whether genetic, early-life...

Association of low birth weight and polyparasitic infection during pregnancy in Lambaréné, Gabon.

To report the prevalence of polyparasitism during pregnancy in the Lambaréné region of Gabon and its association with newborn birth weight. Pregnant women in their third trimester were recruited in a prospective study between November 2011 and March 2015. Parasite infection status was assessed microscopically in stool, urine and blood samples. Maternal demographic and obstetrical characteristics and newborns anthropometric data were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between low birth weight and polyparasitism. 678 of 927 pregnant women were included for analysis with mean age (SD) of 25 (6.8) years. The analysis showed that 69% (468/678) were infected with at least one parasite (Plasmodium spp., Schistosoma spp., soil-transmitted helminths, filarial infections). This comprised of 38% with monoparasitism and 31% polyparasitism. The proportion of newborn babies with a weight below 2500g (LBW) in our study was 21% (142/678). Compared to pregnant women without infection, women with monoparasitic infection had adjusted Odds Ratio confidence interval 95% CI (aOR [95%CI]) of 1.6 [0.95-2.73], those with two parasites had aOR 95%CI of 2.63 [1.51-4.62], and those with more than two parasites had aOR of 5.08 [2.5-10.38] for delivering a newborn with low birth weight. In Lambaréné, an endemic area for multiple parasite infections, there is a high prevalence of polyparasitism in pregnant women. Polyparasitism is associated with low birth weight. Therefore, there is an urgent need for active screening and treatment of parasite infections in pregnant women to assess the potential public health benefit of such interventions.

Mediation role of low birth weight on the factors associated with newborn mortality and the moderation role of institutional delivery in the association of low birth weight with newborn mortality in a resource-poor setting

ObjectivesTo assess low birth weight’s (LBW) mediation role on the factors associated with newborn mortality (NM), including stillbirth and the role of institutional delivery in the association between LBW and...

Relationship Between Low Born Weight (Lbw) And Stunting Events In Children (Age 24-59 Months)

Abstract     :     Background: Stunting is a condition of toddlers who have less length or height compared to age. Toddler stunting is a chronic nutritional problem caused by many factors, one of which is LBW. Babies born with LBW will be at high risk of morbidity, mortality, infectious diseases, underweight and stunting in the early neonatal period to childhood.The purpose of this study is to determine the association between  Low Birth Weight (LBW) with the incidence of stunting in toddlers (aged 24-59 months) in the Way Urang Community Health Center in South Lampung Regency.                         Method: This study uses an observational analytic method with a case control study design. LBW data is secondary data obtained by looking at the birth weight data of children under five listed in the Maternal and Child Health book Way Urang Community Health Center data. The statistical analysis uses the Chi Square test.                         Result: There is an association of Low Birth Weight (LBW) with the occurrence of stunting in toddlers (aged 24-59 months) in Way Urang Community Health Center South Lampung Regency. P value= 0,024.                         Conclusion: There is a significant association of Low Birth Weight with the incidence of stunting in toddlers (aged 24-59 months) in the Way Urang Community Health Center in South Lampung Regency.

Trends of proximate low birth weight and associations among children under-five years of age: Evidence from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data.

Low birth weight puts a newborn at increased risk of death and illness, and limits their productivity in the adulthood period later. The incidence of low birth weight has been selected as an important indicator for monitoring major health goals by the World Summit for Children. The 2014 World Health Organization estimation of child death indicated that 4.53% of total deaths in Ethiopia were due to low birth weight. The aim of this study was to assess trends of proximate low birth weight and associations of low birth weight with potential determinants from 2011 to 2016. This study used the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data (EDHS) as data sources. According to the 2016 EDHS data, all the regions were stratified into urban and rural areas. The variable "size of child" measured according to the report of mothers before two weeks of the EDHS takes placed. The study sample refined from EDHS data and used for this further analysis were 7919 children. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association of proximate low birth weight and potential determinates of proximate low birth weight. But, the data were tested to model fitness and were fitted to Hosmer-Lemeshow-goodness of fit. The prevalence of proximate low birth weight in Ethiopia was 26.9% (2132), (95%CI = 25.4, 27.9). Of the prevalence of child size in year from 2011 to 2016, 17.1% was very small, and 9.8% was small. In the final multivariate logistic regression model, region (AOR = xx), (955%CI = xx), Afar (AOR = 2.44), (95%CI = 1.82, 3.27), Somalia (AOR = 0.73), (95%CI = 0.55, 0.97), Benishangul-Gumz (AOR = 0.48), (95%CI = 0.35, 0.67), SNNPR (AOR = 0.67), (95%CI = 0.48, 0.93), religion, Protestant (AOR = 0.76), (95%CI = 0.60, 0.95), residence, rural (AOR = 1.39), (95%CI = 1.07, 1.81), child sex, female (AOR = 1.43), (95%CI = 1.29, 1.59), birth type, multiple birth during first parity (AOR = 2.18), (95%CI = 1.41, 3.37), multiple birth during second parity (AOR = 2.92), (95%CI = 1.86, 4.58), preparedness for birth, wanted latter child (AOR = 1.26), (95%CI = 1.09, 1.47), fast and rapid breathing (AOR = 1.22), (95%CI = 1.02, 1.45), maternal education, unable to read and write (AOR = 1.46), (95%CI = 1.56, 2.17), and maternal age, 15-19 years old (AOR = 1.86), (95%CI = 1.19, 2.92) associated with proximate low birth weight. The proximate LBW prevalence as indicated by small child size is high. Region, religion, residence, birth type, preparedness for birth, fast and rapid breathing, maternal education, and maternal age were associated with proximate low birth weight. Health institutions should mitigating measures on low birth weight with a special emphasis on factors identified in this study.

Association of Low Birth Weight With Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Adulthood

We sought to determine the relationship of low birth weight (LBW) with adult cardiac structure and function and investigate potential causal pathways.